What are stem cells and how do they work to treat various diseases?

Stem cells are found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. They are characterized by their ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types.

The mechanisms of how stem cells can treat different kinds of diseases vary, for example, in the treatment of neurological diseases, the stem cells after implantation, have multiple ways of repairing the damaged areas.